many steps you perform per allocation based on how frequently
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The TLB lookup is combinational -- it evaluates in the same half-cycle as the limit check, requiring no additional clock. The common case (TLB hit, no page boundary crossing) adds zero overhead to a memory access. This is why the Segment Descriptor Cache and Page Cache (TLB) together occupy such substantial die area -- they are the fast path that makes protected mode competitive with real mode.
"You can't go into these things blind... you've got to see the pros and cons," he said.